Soil Type
Wheat can grow in different soils ranging from sandy to heavy types. Good soil drainage is a key factor for good productivity. Heavy, deep, humus-rich, well-aerated soils with a high water capacity and a pH between 5.5 and 7.5 are preferable. Nutrient-rich clay and black earth soils are ideal.
Temperatures
Of all cereals, it is the most widely adapted; the highest yields, however, are achieved in the cooler parts of its ecological range. It develops best at temperatures of 10-24°C and therefore in warm climates it is grown at high altitudes or during the cold season.
Water Requirements
Irrigation is important if the yield of wheat is to be maximized. Water availability is more important for germination and initial crop growth and development. Irrigation is also very critical during pollination in order to produce good grain quality. Therefore, in Saudi Arabia, wheat is mainly grown under large pivot irrigation systems drawing water from underground aquifers.
Nutrition Requirements
Soil should be subject to soil analysis for nutrient availability especially in new reclaimed lands.
Harvesting Period
Typically harvest takes place in May.
Harvesting Methods
Mechanised harvesting is the typical method employed.
Planting Period
Wheat normally needs between 110 and 130 days between planting and harvest, depending upon climate, seed type, and soil conditions. In Saudi Arabia the appropriate planting period is November/December.
